Recycling sewage sludge into ceramic materials: A review

Environmental Chemistry Letters - Huge amounts of unwanted sewage sludge are generated in the process of wastewater treatment, calling for methods to recycle sewage sludges into value-added...     

Mechanism of complexation of toxic arsenate,selenate, and molybdate with hydrotalcites

Environmental Chemistry Letters - Wastewater from the uranium mining industry contains toxic arsenate (AsO43–), selenate (SeO42–), and molybdate (MoO42–) that can be removed by...     

虚拟耕地资源与农业经济增长：作用机理及贡献份额研

虚拟耕地资源被广泛认为是缓解国内耕地资源压力和促进农业经济增长的重要举措之一。在论证虚拟耕地资源贸易对农业经济增长作用机理分析的基础上，计算1996~2018年中国主要农产品虚拟耕地资源贸易量，并对虚拟耕地资源对农业经济增长中的贡献份额进行实证分析，为调整对外贸易战略及优化耕地资源策略提供参考。结果表明：虚拟耕地资源可以在更大范围内实现耕地资源的优化配置；主要农产品贸易的巨大逆差决定了中国是虚拟耕地资源净进口大国，其中，油料是虚拟耕地资源净进口量最大的品种；虚拟耕地资源对农业经济增长的贡献率为0.26%，观点得到了佐证。同时，还提出了要试点实施虚拟耕地资源，全力以赴做好贸易政策调整战略；充分利用国内外“两种资源、两个市场”，倒逼主要农产品进行结构调整；努力构建虚拟耕地资源管理新模式，推动农业“走出去”与市场多元化结合等政策建议。     

丙烯腈生产废水中聚合物的资源化利用

以丙烯腈生产废水中的丙烯腈低聚物为原料制备聚丙烯酰胺。通过正交实验考察了水解反应条件和交联反应条件对反应的影响。FTIR表征结果显示,丙烯腈低聚物中的氰基已完全水解为酰胺基,产物聚丙烯酰胺中含有酰胺基和羧基。实验结果表明,在自来水加入量100 m L、水解反应温度95℃、m(Na OH)∶m(丙烯腈低聚物)=2.0、水解反应时间3 h的最佳水解反应条件,交联反应温度60℃、质量分数37%~40%的甲醛加入量6 m L、交联反应时间2 h的最佳交联反应条件下,处理20 g丙烯腈低聚物,可得到产物聚丙烯酰胺14.50 g,聚丙烯酰胺的水解度为21.1%、相对分子质量为2.7×106。产品性能满足Q/SH 0046—2007《钻井液用聚丙烯酰胺技术要求》中部分水解聚丙烯酰胺的性能要求。     

Diffusive gradients in thin films using molecularly imprinted polymer binding gels for in situ measurements of antibiotics in urban wastewaters

• Selective molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) binding gel was prepared. • MIP-DGT showed excellent uptake performance for antibiotics. • In situ measurement of antibiotics in wastewaters via MIP-DGT was developed. • The MIP-DGT method was robust, reliable, and highly sensitive. Urban wastewater is one of main sources for the introduction of antibiotics into the environment. Monitoring the concentrations of antibiotics in wastewater is necessary for estimating the amount of antibiotics discharged into the environment through urban wastewater treatment systems. In this study, we report a novel diffusive gradient in thin films (DGT) method based on molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) for in situ measurement of two typical antibiotics, fluoroquinolones (FQs) and sulfonamides (SAs) in urban wastewater. MIPs show specific adsorption toward their templates and their structural analogs, resulting in the selective uptake of the two target antibiotics during MIP-DGT deployment. The uptake performance of the MIP-DGTs was evaluated in the laboratory and was relatively independent of solution pH (4.0–9.0), ionic strength (1–750 mmol/L), and dissolved organic matter (DOM, 0–20 mg/L). MIP-DGT samplers were tested in the effluent of an urban wastewater treatment plant for field trials, where three SA (sulfamethoxazole, sulfapyridine, and trimethoprim) and one FQ (ofloxacin) antibiotics were detected, with concentrations ranging from 25.50 to 117.58 ng/L, which are consistent with the results measured by grab sampling. The total removal efficiency of the antibiotics was 80.1% by the treatment plant. This study demonstrates that MIP-DGT is an effective tool for in situ monitoring of trace antibiotics in complex urban wastewaters.     

电气石强化生物膜系统处理中药废水的启动及生物膜特性分析

将电气石与生物膜技术结合构建电气石强化生物膜系统处理中药废水,通过电气石调节生物膜微环境,以增强微生物代谢活性,从而提高了反应系统的处理能力。结果表明:电气石强化厌氧流化床(AFBR)反应系统经历160 d完成中药废水的启动实验,反应系统COD去除率达到87.8%,容积负荷达到5.34 kg·(m3·d)~(-1),生物膜产甲烷活性达到126.4 mL·(g·d)~(-1);电气石强化好氧流化床(FBR)反应系统统经历35 d完成启动实验后,出水COD稳定在76.5 mg·L~(-1),反应系统对应的COD去除率和容积负荷分别为90.3%和1.4 kg·(m~3·d)~(-1)。中药废水依次经AFBR和FBR处理后,出水水质满足《中药类制药工业水污染物排放标准》(GB 21906-2008)排放要求。以上结果可为实际工程项目提供理论依据和参考。     

基于视频分析的人群密集场所客流监控预警研究

为实现人群密集场所客流安全隐患早发现，辅助管理人员早决策，人群聚集风险区早疏散，提升对灾难的预见性和主动性。在国内外人群异常聚集监测预警现状分析基础上，对比分析得出监控视频分析技术是解决人群密集场所精准预警难题较为理想的解决方案；构建以视频智能分析的人群计数、密度估计、行人追踪、活动烈度识别为核心技术的人群密集场所风险预警技术框架；将该技术框架应用到某大型商圈的商业街区，获得监控区域内的人群总数、密度分布、行人轨迹和异常活动等特征。结果表明:提出的基于视频分析的人群密集场所风险预警技术框架可为城市大型商圈、交通枢纽、大型活动场所等城市公共场所的安全管理提供参考和借鉴。     

MCM-41分子筛负载铁铈催化降解甲基橙

采用等体积浸渍法制备了负载型有序介孔Fe-Ce/MCM-41催化剂。研究了该催化剂降解甲基橙的适宜工艺条件,并采用XPS,XRD,TEM技术对该催化剂进行了表征。实验结果表明,该催化剂Fenton氧化降解甲基橙的较适宜工艺条件为:溶液pH 5.0、甲基橙溶液初始质量浓度100 mg/L、催化剂加入量2.0 g/L、H_2O_2浓度20 mmol/L,在此适宜条件下反应120 min时,甲基橙去除率接近100%。表征结果显示:Fe-Ce/MCM-41催化剂主要由铁、铈、氧、碳4种元素组成;铁与铈的摩尔比接近3∶1;铁和铈主要以Fe_3O_4和CeO_2的形态存在于催化剂表面。     

A mini review of fluoride-induced apoptotic pathways

Fluorine or fluoride can have toxic effects on bone tissue and soft tissue at high concentrations. These negative effects include but not limited to cytotoxicity, immunotoxicity, blood toxicity, and oxidative damage. Apoptosis plays an important role in fluoride-induced toxicity of kidney, liver, spleen, thymus, bursa of Fabricius, cecal tonsil, and cultured cells. Here, apoptosis activated by high level of fluoride has been systematically reviewed, focusing on three pathways: mitochondrion-mediated, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-mediated, and death receptor-mediated pathways. However, very limited reports are focused on the death receptor-mediated apoptosis pathways in the fluoride-induced apoptosis. Therefore, understanding and discovery of more pathways and molecular mechanisms of fluoride-induced apoptosis may contribute to designing measures for preventing fluoride toxicity.     

Concentrations and accumulation rates of polychlorinated biphenyls in soil along an urban–rural gradient in Shanghai

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - This study proposed an in situ soil experimental system to quantify concentration and accumulation rates of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners...